{"id":2175,"date":"2020-05-07T21:41:45","date_gmt":"2020-05-07T20:41:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/?page_id=2175"},"modified":"2021-02-18T11:40:29","modified_gmt":"2021-02-18T10:40:29","slug":"discussion-board-n3-08-05-20","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/de\/discussion-board-n3-08-05-20\/","title":{"rendered":"What would you suggest as priority actions to reach out to the most exposed to the economic aftermath of the pandemic crisis in developing countries?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>OF Discussion Board n\u00b03 &#8211; 8 May 2020<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Question asked : <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">&#8222;What would you suggest as priority actions to reach out to the most exposed to the economic aftermath of the pandemic crisis in developing countries?&#8220;<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"#Editorial\">Editorial<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#All-contribution\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">All Contributions<\/span><\/a><span id=\"Link-contributions\"><\/span><span id=\"Link-contributions\"><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span id=\"Link-contributions\">Thanks for those of our contributors who ventured to react to the third question posed in this Discussion Board<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Editorial \u2013 Squaring the circle between international good intentions and national (weak) institutions<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span id=\"Editorial\">by Virgile Perret &amp; Paul H. Dembinski<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.8112%; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #ffffff;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 74.0303%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\">The crisis is hitting the most vulnerable populations in developing countries, not only because of weak sanitary network but also in longer social and economic perspective. To prevent catastrophic outcomes, the vast majority of the contributions below stress the need to act now: on one end the global perspective to foster international solidarity, debt restructuring or even a \u201cworld relief plan\u201d; at the other end private initiatives of giving equipment and channelling to civil society.<br \/>\nIt is also suggested that the crisis could be an opportunity, \u00ab\u00a0a chance for African countries\u00a0\u00bb which may take advantage of the ongoing reorganisation of international supply chains and be an alternative to China sourcing. Similarly, the crisis could be an opportunity to make emerging economies \u201cmore resilient and less dependent of international trades and financial globalization\u201d.<br \/>\nThe priority actions proposed fall into immediate efforts to address the humanitarian and health-related needs and longer-term interventions to respond to socioeconomic challenges. One acute problem is related to the predominant informal sector where 1.6 billion workers are currently at risk of \u201cloosing their livelihoods\u201d. This leads some to stress that \u201cthis crisis has made clear the need to develop proper social safety nets in developing countries\u201d, while others suggest that \u201c basic income should be again considered\u201d.<br \/>\nHowever the underlying concern is the capacity of developing countries institutions \u2013 many of them dubbed \u201cfailed states\u201d &#8211; to cope with the challenges, including the purposeful channelling of international money flows. If the institutional aspect is not addressed, the measures of \u201cdebt relief\u201d or \u201cdebt restructuring\u201d \u2013 advocates by many contributors \u2013 will be less efficient than expected.<br \/>\nAll well and good, but how to reach an international agreement and implement it so as to reach the most exposed? Will the moral imperative to \u201cabandon indifference and self-centeredness\u201d be strong enough to make the G7 or G20 to take radical steps? Or, after all, the utilitarian conclusion of Christine Lagarde \u201cSolidarity is in fact self-interest\u201d may prevail.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 74.0303%; text-align: center; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; vertical-align: middle;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Perret\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1912 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perret-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perret-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perret-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perret-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perret-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perret-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perret-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perret.png 1592w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Dembinski\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1903 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/PHD-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/PHD-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/PHD-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/PHD-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/PHD.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/DiscussionBoard3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2483 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Image-PDF.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"124\" height=\"90\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Image-PDF.jpg 124w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Image-PDF-1x1.jpg 1w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 124px) 100vw, 124px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table id=\"All-contribution\" style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #ffffff;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"Tsironis\">\n<td style=\"width: 64.4853%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\"><strong>&#8222;\u2026 a world relief plan is necessary &#8230;&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The interdependence between world economic systems and local economies sketches a dynamic world map where no state, no economy, no man is an island. In these terms, the priority actions aiming at helping the developing countries should be interconnected in a nexus of global-local policies.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>A world relief plan is necessary in order to limit both the virus spread and the downturn vibrations which are fatally contagious for the political\u00a0capital and the social trust at international level.<\/strong> <\/span>The plan may include an infrastructures-health support (public hospitals, intensive care units, tests), a solidarity fund (recovery instruments, special employment provisions, small\/medium enterprises aid), positive regulations on tourism and trade, socioeconomic family support and finally a free treatment for all virus patients.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Christos Tsinoris<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6976%; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Tsironis\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1785 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Tsironis-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Tsironis-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Tsironis-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Tsironis-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Tsironis-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Tsironis.png 939w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Perrot\">\n<td style=\"width: 64.4853%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\"><strong>&#8222;\u2026 debt relief or restructuring \u2026&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li>In terms of medication: transfer to the most affected countries, Kenya, Senegal, generics, not of the vaccine (it does not yet exist), but of all the drugs capable of strengthening the resilience of the organism.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>On the financial level: associate debt relief or restructuring with economic restructuring and social redeployment targeting the outskirts of cities as a priority.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li>On the socio-cultural level: rediscovering the forms of community property and medication traditional, local mutual aid to avoid that confinement &#8211; moreover impossible to generalize &#8211; damage the economic capacities of the poorest who are most threatened by the effects of the crisis.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Etienne Perrot<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6976%; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Perrot\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1980 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perrot-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perrot-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perrot-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perrot-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perrot-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perrot-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perrot-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perrot-1x1.png 1w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Roncella\">\n<td style=\"width: 64.4853%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\"><strong>&#8222;<\/strong><strong>\u2026 address the sovereign corporate debt issues of these countries \u2026\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the short term I would say that it is crucial to <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>address the sovereign and corporate debt issues of these countries.<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0The initiatives implemented so far by the international financial community (for example, IMF cancelled debt repayments due to it by the 25 poorest developing economies for the next six months, the G20&#8217;s\u00a0 &#8222;Debt Service Suspension initiative for Poorest countries\u201d) are actually going in the right direction.<br \/>\nHowever, my guess is that time is up for a more fundamental issue that concerns the redefinition of\u00a0value creation. <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">All this crisis manifests the structural need to reflect on how value is created and how we measure and put a price to what type of value.<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Andrea Roncella<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6976%; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Roncella\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1618 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Roncella-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Roncella-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Roncella-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Roncella-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Roncella-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Roncella-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Roncella-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Roncella-1x1.png 1w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"St\u00fcckelberger\">\n<td style=\"width: 64.4853%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\"><strong>&#8222;\u2026 it can be a chance for African countries \u2026&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li>Debt cancellation to developing countries in order to avoid breakdown of already very vulnerable economies which means vulnerable people. This should be linked to wise conditions to use the debt cancellation for SDG-related improvement and not just unconditional.<\/li>\n<li>China remains important for economies in Africa. The China-bashing of President Trump and allies creates an economic climate of mistrust, disruptions. Trust and healthy China-African trade relations are key.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>As international supply chains are in the corona-process of being redefined in order to diversify dependency from main suppliers like China, it can be a chance for African countries to make offers in this diversification, especially for European countries with their new Marshall plan with Africa.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Christoph St\u00fcckelberger<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6976%; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#St\u00fcckelberger\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1621 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Stuckelberger-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Stuckelberger-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Stuckelberger-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Stuckelberger-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Stuckelberger-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Stuckelberger-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Stuckelberger-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Stuckelberger.png 1947w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Revelli\">\n<td style=\"width: 64.4853%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\"><strong>&#8222;\u2026 less dependent of international trades and financialized globalization \u2026&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When developed countries close their doors and focus on their economy, emerging or developing markets have to find new solutions when international cooperation and trades are braking. To avoid the dramatic social crisis that could emerge consequently, and it is not just a question of cash flow, existing debts of developing countries should be removed and new funding free of repayment. Actions and initiatives of institutions of World Bank or IMF should focus specifically on those countries, as they don\u2019t have the means and skills to support the crisis themselves, with the monitoring of international organizations as UN. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>In the long time, international cooperation must include in their commitment the ecological and social counterpart to make those economies more resilient and less dependent of international trades and financialized globalization.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Christophe Revelli<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6976%; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Rivelli\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1755 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rivelli-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rivelli-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rivelli-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rivelli-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rivelli-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rivelli-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rivelli-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rivelli-1x1.png 1w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Sinha\">\n<td style=\"width: 64.4853%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\"><strong>&#8222;\u2026 support for health systems and minimize disruptions of supply chains \u2026&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Many face the terrible challenge of fighting the virus in densely populated communities and poverty-stricken areas <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>where social or physical distancing is hardly an option<\/strong>.<\/span> With fewer resources to begin with, they are dangerously exposed to the ongoing demand and supply shocks, drastic tightening in financial conditions and some face an unsustainable debt burden as well. The majority of workers either as wage earners, self-employed or employed by small and medium-sized enterprises are especially exposed. And just as the health crisis hits, the economic crisis is expected to hit these vulnerable population the hardest. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>We need to continue with essential containment measures and support for health systems and minimize disruptions to supply chains.\u00a0The actions we take now will determine the speed and strength of our recovery.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Archana Sinha<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6976%; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Sinha\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1993 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sinha-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sinha-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sinha-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sinha-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sinha.png 321w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Fernandez\">\n<td style=\"width: 64.4853%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\"><strong>&#8222;\u2026 a budgetary package of direct and timely aid \u2026&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>The first thing would be to establish from the government a budgetary package of direct and timely aid to cover the basic needs of those persons who have been left without a salary<\/strong>:<\/span> unemployment Benefit; vocational training; outplacement and self-employment in the digital, circular or collaborative economy. Continuous, professional training.<\/li>\n<li>Identification, <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>classification and assessment<\/strong><strong> of the different types of companies<\/strong>:<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li>Failed companies: assessing the impact of bankruptcy and following up with the unemployed and creditors.<\/li>\n<li>Companies in crisis and recoverable: inject liquidity, temporary tax exemption, flexibility to adjust workforce, strategic readjustment, stimulate new business lines from the digitalization of the economy, through capital investment.<\/li>\n<li>Stimulation of new employers: based on business opportunities, especially in the framework of the digital, circular and collaborative economy. Temporary tax breaks, bureaucratic flexibility.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Jose Luis Fernandez Fernandez<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6976%; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Fernandez\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1971 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fernandez-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fernandez-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fernandez-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fernandez-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fernandez-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fernandez-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fernandez-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fernandez-1x1.png 1w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Dommen\">\n<td style=\"width: 64.4853%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\"><strong>&#8222;\u2026 fairer ways of supporting investment \u2026 &#8222;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Subsidiarity sets the frame. What can we do here in the heart of the developed world to help the world\u2019s most deprived meet their own needs? As Calvin reminds us, any means we use to enrich ourselves at the expense of others counts as theft.<br \/>\nClimate change is a prime example; the pandemic has reduced our carbon footprint. Let us explore how we can keep it so. Switzerland could refrain from subsidising airlines to resume their outdated mobility model. We can encourage further teleworking.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Remembering the biblical Jubilee, the rich should use fairer ways of supporting investment by the poor.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Edouard Dommen<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6976%; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Dommen\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1615 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dommen-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dommen-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dommen-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dommen-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dommen.png 606w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Rudaz\">\n<td style=\"width: 64.4853%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\"><strong>&#8222;\u2026 develop proper social safety nest in developing countries \u2026&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1.6 billion workers in the informal economy (about half of the global workforce) are at risk of loosing their livelihoods,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/about-the-ilo\/newsroom\/news\/WCMS_743036\/lang--en\/index.htm\">according to the ILO<\/a>.<br \/>\nThese are the most exposed to the economic crisis created by the pandemic.<br \/>\nLockdown measures affected directly their capacity to earn a living and they tend to work in the hardest-hit sector. They are self-employed informal worker doing what they do by default of a better option. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>This crisis has made clear the need to develop proper social safety nets in developing countries.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Philippe Rudaz<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6976%; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Rudaz\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1707 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rudaz-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rudaz-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rudaz-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rudaz-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rudaz-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rudaz.png 849w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Horodecka\">\n<td style=\"width: 64.4853%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\"><strong>&#8222;\u2026 basic income should be again considered \u2026&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Developing countries will face high unemployment rates accompanied by consequences of climatic problems (drought, other plagues). So, the preservation of the basic-needs level and working places should be in focus. Micro-credits and other local institutional help can encourage new entrepreneurial initiatives and maintain old ones which may provide people with work and\/or allow for covering basic needs. We shall also support local initiatives, volunteering, participative institutions, and schools, which have access to information about most vulnerable children and their families. Moreover, we need investments in technology, so that children won\u2019t remain without access to education again in case of further waves of the pandemic, which can cause loss of human capital\u00a0in future. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>In most vulnerable areas with high unemployment rates, basic income should be again considered.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Anna Horodecka<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6976%; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Horodecka\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1749 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Horodecka-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Horodecka-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Horodecka-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Horodecka.png 236w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Sugranyes\">\n<td style=\"width: 64.4853%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\"><strong>&#8222;\u2026 international attention to fragile situations &#8230;&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>You are right to ask this question, but it takes me off-side, given the intense concern for the economic catastrophe right here and the unequal capacity of European countries (North, East, South) to offer State help to protect employment.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>In the first place, we should donate medical and health equipment, from masks to ventilators and hospital management, as large companies are doing already<\/strong>:<\/span> another opportunity for private-public joint efforts\u2026 and to learn from poor countries experienced in fighting epidemics!<br \/>\nThen, as asked by Pope Francis, UN Sec Gen Guterres or EU External Affairs chief Josep Borrell, <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>international attention to fragile situations<\/strong><\/span>, long-running conflicts and refugee camps everywhere, and take this crisis as an opportunity to stop war.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Domingo Sugranyes<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6976%; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Sugranyes\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1605 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sugranyes-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sugranyes-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sugranyes-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sugranyes-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sugranyes-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sugranyes-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sugranyes.png 1296w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Fiole\">\n<td style=\"width: 64.4853%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\"><strong>&#8222;\u2026 local and international solidarity \u2026 &#8222;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Focusing on humanity, the most exposed should include those, who do not have a voice now and later, including\u00a0children and unborn tax payers. Human flourishing then includes not only a measure of financial certainty but also feeling physically and psychologically secure and being appreciated by society, all associated with economic revenues. Priority actions by those with the\u00a0responsibility or the opportunity: governments, firms and individuals, should focus on providing measures in these\u00a0realms of wealth and health to groups in society with highest needs and risks now and in the not-so-distant future. <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Local and international solidarity is then a fair and reasonable expectation. Structural improvements to the world\u2019s economic and political fabric may be needed to enable this care and then recalibrate, moving to a world with renewed opportunities.<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Eelco Fiole<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6976%; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Fiole\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1704 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fiole-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fiole-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fiole-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fiole-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fiole.png 679w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Cornford\">\n<td style=\"width: 64.4853%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\"><strong>&#8222;\u2026 debt relief \u2026&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Priority actions at national level directed at the most exposed \u2013 in areas like public health, support for income and nutrition, support for agriculture, pollution control, etc. \u2013 should be decided <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>at national level in developing countries<\/strong> in accordance with national priorities. <strong>At international level debt relief for existing debt and the avoidance of new debt associated with financial transfers in the form of loans should be a major part of the global response to the pandemic.<\/strong> <\/span>The reduction of more than 50 per cent in the face value of German pre-war and post-war debt owed to the victorious allies of WW2 in the London Debt Agreement of 1953 furnishes a much cited precedent. But debt amnesties have distant historical precedents\u00a0as early as the third millennium BC.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Andrew Cornford<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6976%; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Cornford\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1916 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Corrnford-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Corrnford-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Corrnford-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Corrnford-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Corrnford.png 412w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Bruno\">\n<td style=\"width: 64.4853%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\">\n<h3><strong>&#8222;&#8230; the importance to abandon indifference and self-centeredness &#8230;&#8220;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Pope Francis has paved the way for our reflection regarding the support of developing countries in their fight against the COVID-19 pandemics: debt reduction and relief. So far developing countries have, rather unexpectedly, showed the World capacities to tackle alone the emergency phase of pandemics, however in the future they will need the solidarity of global leaders to recover from the socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>It will be crucial to understand if governments in developed countries, in particular in the EU and the US, hit hard and suddenly by the pandemics, will be able to explain their electorates, often short-sighted, the importance to abandon indifference and self-centeredness<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Valerio Alfonso Bruno<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6976%; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Bruno\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1965 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Valerio-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Valerio-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Valerio-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Valerio-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Valerio-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Valerio-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Valerio-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Valerio.png 1588w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Temirov\">\n<td style=\"width: 64.4853%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\">\n<h3><strong>&#8222;&#8230;\u00a0correctly identify the most exposed to the economic aftermath &#8230;&#8220;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>If the country is developing, then maintaining the <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>manageability of the process<\/strong><\/span> of overcoming any social crisis is the main task of the government. There are three primary sources of threats to the realization of this task: the imperfection of market regulatory mechanisms, a weak civil society, and the poor quality of managerial culture and state institutions. The combination of these threats can prevent the implementation of the highest priority measure &#8211; <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">correctly identify the very ones &#8222;the most exposed to the economic aftermath of the pandemic crisis&#8220;<\/span>.<\/strong> The next priority is effective communication with citizens, which will help provide more room for manoeuvre between the need to support business and avoid a social explosion, political destabilization.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Yuriy Temirov<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6976%; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Temirov\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1968 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Temirov-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Temirov-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Temirov-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Temirov-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Temirov-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Temirov-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Temirov-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Temirov.png 1844w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OF Discussion Board n\u00b03 &#8211; 8 May 2020 Question asked : &#8222;What would you suggest as priority actions to reach [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":603,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width.php","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2175","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2175"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2981,"href":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2175\/revisions\/2981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}