{"id":2042,"date":"2020-03-20T13:29:54","date_gmt":"2020-03-20T12:29:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/how-has-the-virus-crisis-affected-your-basic-convictions-about-economy-and-society\/"},"modified":"2021-02-18T11:38:47","modified_gmt":"2021-02-18T10:38:47","slug":"how-has-the-virus-crisis-affected-your-basic-convictions-about-economy-and-society","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/fr\/how-has-the-virus-crisis-affected-your-basic-convictions-about-economy-and-society\/","title":{"rendered":"How has the virus crisis affected your basic convictions about economy and society?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">OF Discussion Board n\u00b01 &#8211; 22 April 2020<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Question asked : <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00ab\u00a0How has the virus crisis affected your basic convictions about economy and society?\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Editorial\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Editorial<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#All-contribution\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">All Contributions<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span id=\"Link-contributions\" style=\"color: #000000;\">Thanks for those of our contributors who ventured to react to the first question posed in this Discussion Board<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"Editorial\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Editorial \u2013 Convictions rarely change&#8230; but they get refined<br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">by Virgile Perret &amp; Paul H. Dembinski<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.8112%; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #ffffff;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 74.0303%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The general answer, often implicit, of contributions to the inaugural question of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">DISCUSSION BOARD<\/span><\/a> \u2013 is \u201cconvictions rarely change, but they get refined\u201d.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">The coronavirus pandemic raises fundamental questions about the respective roles of market, State and civil society in addressing the most pressing socioeconomic challenges.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Speaking from different perspectives and geographical locations, most our contributors feel comforted in their conviction that the pandemic is another reminder of the necessity to rethink some basic interactions between economy and society. The contributors also point out some important directions.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mainstream economics tends to look at economic matters independently from the wider social and political context. The pandemic shows how inadequate this approach is. Instead, the lesson many of our contributors draw from the crisis is that the discipline of economics should open itself to other insights and that we need to find another, more integrative model to for economy and society, in which the search of the common good will prevail.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">The global health crisis also reveals how deep and complex is the network of economic interdependences, with global value chains running across many sectors. Thus, some predict that the reduction of dependence on foreign sources &amp; markets will be the strategic priority in the post-pandemic world, both for public and private actors. This might be a first step towards \u00ab\u00a0deep deglobalisation\u00a0\u00bb and a more active role for the state. Other contributors stress that the logistic difficulties and spontaneous solidarity movements open \u00ab\u00a0a world of new opportunities for public-private collaboration\u00a0\u00bb. But we are also being recalled the major impact of the crisis on employment, with 3 billions people workers experiencing a major shift in their work experience.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Eventually, a large number of contributors tend to recognize the link between the virus crisis and the environmental challenge we are facing, sometimes arguing that it could be \u00ab\u00a0an opportunity to generate a systemic change in how we manage our countries and the planet\u00a0\u00bb. In contrast, however, some consider that \u201cthe crisis is not enough to push us in the right direction\u201d, since we are still deeply influenced by the values and visions we internalized before the crisis. Who\u2019s right? The future will tell.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.2772%; text-align: center; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Dembinski\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1912 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perret-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perret-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perret-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perret-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perret-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perret-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perret-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Perret.png 1592w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1903 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/PHD-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/PHD-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/PHD-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/PHD-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/PHD.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 74.0303%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.2772%; text-align: justify; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/DiscussionBoard1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2483 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Image-PDF.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"124\" height=\"90\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Image-PDF.jpg 124w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Image-PDF-1x1.jpg 1w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 124px) 100vw, 124px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table id=\"All-contribution\" style=\"height: 4688px; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #ffffff;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"Fiole\" style=\"height: 460px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 73.9849%; border-color: #ffffff; height: 460px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0\u2026 society at large, to which economy is a fiduciary, has been underserved &#8230;\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The virus crisis shows that society at large, to which the economy is a fiduciary, has been underserved. <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Developing vitamins means that we radically\u00a0need to develop and apply a wider spectrum of cross-domain tools from moral philosophy, positive psychology and\u00a0applied sociology\u00a0to implement economic concepts holistically to the ultimate benefit of society.<\/span> <\/strong>This calls for\u00a0inclusive, innovative and compassionate leadership, for a reflection on the political, business and education systems and for a continuous debate on solving\u00a0ever changing\u00a0wicked problems. Especially for\u00a0profit-focused organisations, we need to consider how they are measured, what that means for their focus on profit maximisation\u00a0towards optimisation and what supporting changes need to\u00a0come from enabling technology and\u00a0the legal system.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Eelco Fiole<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.0152%; border-color: #ffffff; vertical-align: middle; height: 460px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Fiole\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1710 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fiole-1-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fiole-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fiole-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fiole-1-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Fiole-1.png 679w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Rivelli\" style=\"height: 26px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 73.9849%; height: 26px; border-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0\u2026 economies don\u2019t integrate health issues in their business model \u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The COVID-19 crisis highlights the current societal issues we face in our modern world. Since now the 80s, finance and shareholder maximization are the alpha and the omega of our society, with economy and society as the adjustment variables to answer this objective. The biodiversity destruction generates pandemics, and finally social consequences, observing that economies don\u2019t integrate health issues and public considerations in their business model\u2026 <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">The vision is systemic, and we have to understand that Finance is a just tool serving our economy, and finally the goal of social welfare and biosphere protection, in the sense of Karl Polanyi theory of embeddedness.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Christophe Revelli<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.0152%; height: 26px; border-color: #ffffff; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Rivelli\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1755 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rivelli-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rivelli-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rivelli-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rivelli-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rivelli-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rivelli-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rivelli-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rivelli-1x1.png 1w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Nebel\" style=\"height: 460px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 73.9849%; border-color: #ffffff; height: 460px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u2026 the system urgently need to be re-thought \u2026\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">The virus has not affected my basic convictions about the economy but rather enhanced my belief that the system urgently needs to be re-thought.<\/span> <\/strong>By which I mean not only a break with some of the core tenets of liberalism, but also and most importantly the development of a new macroeconomic model. We need to think about the market\u2019s equilibrium as a specific common good inserted and dependent on other common goods. This task is urgent. A theoretical framework for such macroeconomic model could be based on thinkers of the so-called \u201ceconomia civile\u201d. A huge challenge however is to bring these ideas to the level of a descriptive\/prescriptive models of the market. This, I would suggest, needs us to understand in more details how commons work and sustain themselves as <em>human<\/em>\u00a0commons.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Mathias Nebel<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.0152%; border-color: #ffffff; vertical-align: middle; height: 460px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Nebel\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1788\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/nebel.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/nebel.png 115w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/nebel-1x1.png 1w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Horodecka\" style=\"height: 400px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 73.9849%; border-color: #ffffff; height: 400px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0\u2026 we have to find another model for economy and society \u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In fact, the Coronavirus has visualized that there is a possibility to break the paths which we follow and start again. Alternative approaches to economics taught me that the economy not embedded in society stays on very shaky foundations (big inequalities, over-consumption on the cost of the nature and famine of other, growth of the financial sector). The conviction of many, that there is no other way but to continue this path, is now, due to Coronavirus, shaken.<\/span> <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">It teaches that we have to find another model for economy and society, in which collective needs will be better satisfied (health system, education, public space).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Anna Horodecka<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.0152%; border-color: #ffffff; vertical-align: middle; height: 400px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Horodecka\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1749 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Horodecka-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Horodecka-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Horodecka-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Horodecka.png 236w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Dommen\" style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 73.9849%; height: 32px; border-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0\u2026 truth in prices is essential to fairness\u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It has strengthened my convictions.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The value of a person is only remotely related to where they figure in the national accounts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Truth in prices is essential to fairness. The polluter-pays principle must be strictly applied if we are to preserve the environmental benefits of the pandemic.<\/strong> <\/span>Capital consumption is a cost.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Life is risky. The risks and benefits of enterprise must be fairly shared. Capital also is at risk. It is part of the job of providers of capital to take that into account ; if they get it wrong, the cost must be theirs. That also is truth in prices.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Edouard Dommen<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.0152%; height: 32px; border-color: #ffffff; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Dommen\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1615 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dommen-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dommen-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dommen-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dommen-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dommen.png 606w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Rudaz\" style=\"height: 400px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 73.9849%; border-color: #ffffff; height: 400px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0\u2026 this is also a complexity crisis\u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This global pandemic lifted the curtain on the best and worst instinct of human nature. People have been clapping on balconies every evening for a month. Others have quickly seized the opportunity to denounce their neighbours. I wrote \u201cother\u201d\u2026. but they can be the same people. Have those who rushed to the store to pile up toilet paper also started support groups to deliver groceries to the elderly ? People are complex. And so is the global economy made of a myriad of different intermediaries located around the globe all dependent upon one another, producing and delivering at a pace that doesn\u2019t allow the smallest misstep. <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">As in 2008, but now on a much larger scale, this is also a complexity crisis.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Philippe Rudaz<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.0152%; border-color: #ffffff; vertical-align: middle; height: 400px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Rudaz\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1707 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rudaz-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rudaz-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rudaz-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rudaz-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rudaz-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rudaz.png 849w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Tsironis\" style=\"height: 400px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 73.9849%; border-color: #ffffff; height: 261px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0\u2026 human actions are interdependent both at local and global level \u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Currently, individuals and socio-economic organizations suffer an existential jet lag. They have to find their role as the metamorphosis of the world (Ul. Beck) to a liquid interrelations nexus is taking place. It is now well understood that the human actions are interdependent both at local and global level. The Coronavirus crosses the roads -highways and small alleys- we \u2018ve made in order to produce, to exchange, to make profit, to relax.<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Another thing we \u2018ve learned is that fragility, vulnerability, and liquidity became constituting elements in contemporary societies and therefore we have to naturalize them in our economic and political strategies.<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A new perception on the acceptable balance between economic and social risks is necessary.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Christos Tsironis<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.0152%; border-color: #ffffff; vertical-align: middle; height: 261px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Tsironis\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1785 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Tsironis-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Tsironis-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Tsironis-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Tsironis-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Tsironis-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Tsironis.png 939w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Ugarteche\" style=\"height: 460px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 73.9849%; border-color: #ffffff; height: 460px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0\u2026 the importance of global value chains has been cleared \u2026 \u00ab\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It has reaffirmed my conviction that society\u00a0is not the sum of individuals\u00a0but a community\u00a0with common sense. We are watching\u00a0society as a community at work.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Any doubt about the importance of global value chains has been cleared with the paralisation\u00a0of production in China and its effects on the global line of production.<\/strong> <\/span>From automobiles to airplanes, pharma chemicals, electronics, and telecommunications, all have stalled as China closed down production in January and February. The future needs to be less unstable and less dependent on one supplier.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The nonsense of running into currency from a country that has no growth and a major financial crisis at hand remains unexplainable. I still do not understand the run to safety into the US dollar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Oscar Ugarteche<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.0152%; border-color: #ffffff; vertical-align: middle; height: 460px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Ugarteche\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2219 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ugarteche-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ugarteche-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ugarteche-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ugarteche.png 297w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Cornford\" style=\"height: 345px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 73.9849%; border-color: #ffffff; height: 345px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0\u2026 a serious reduction of major countries\u2019 dependence on foreign sources\u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">As a former UN staff member I shall concentrate on what is likely to be <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>a serious eventual reduction of at least major countries\u2019 dependence on foreign sources (and thus elaborate supply chains) for goods and services regarded as of high priority.<\/strong><\/span> This will probably be reflected in changes in multilateral rules and guidelines for international commerce in the direction greater national policy autonomy, particularly regarding not only medical items but also agriculture, public procurement, and eventually goods and services associated with the information economy (for the last of which such rules and guidelines are anyway still at an early stage of development).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Andrew Cornford<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.0152%; border-color: #ffffff; vertical-align: middle; height: 345px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-thumbnail wp-image-1916\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Corrnford-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Corrnford-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Corrnford-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Corrnford-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Corrnford.png 412w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Roncella\" style=\"height: 430px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 73.9849%; border-color: #ffffff; height: 430px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0\u2026 the State is going to have a more active role\u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In my view, the outbreak of the virus strengthened some trends, both at institutional and individual level.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Institutional: 1) A process of\u00a0<em>deglobalization<\/em>\u00a0in what concerns the supply chain of strategic products and activities. 2) Politics\u2019 return over market fundamentalism in making investment and economics decisions. This would require a reflection on how\u00a0 to steer a \u201csmarter\u201d, \u201cgreener\u201d, and \u201cmore inclusive\u201d growth. <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">The State is going to have a more active role in determining which activities promote and which not.<\/span> <\/strong>This would also mean a 180 degree shift in public finance decisions: from austerity policies to deficit ones.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Individual: 1) Maybe it\u2019s more an hope than a fact, but this virus can make consumers understand the difference between needs and wants.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Andrea Roncella<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.0152%; border-color: #ffffff; vertical-align: middle; height: 430px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Roncella\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1618 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Roncella-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Roncella-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Roncella-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Roncella-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Roncella-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Roncella-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Roncella-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Roncella-1x1.png 1w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Sugranyes\" style=\"height: 460px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 73.9849%; height: 523px; border-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0\u2026 a world of new opportunities for public-private collaboration&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">No basic change in convictions! Just a few short thoughts:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observing the response to the crisis helps to understand how \u201csticky\u201d the real processes are, with uncountable \u2018small\u2019 events invalidating economic \u201claws\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Logistic difficulties and spontaneous solidarity movements open a world of new opportunities for public-private collaboration, far from ideological prejudice.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Need for a thorough international debate about priorities and pricing in pharma industries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Epidemics may lead to rethink strategy of concentrating public health services in a small number of huge hospitals to suit technological economies of scale.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A human economy means many decisions of common sense rather than one grand design. \u2018Common good\u2019 as a moving objective, piece by piece.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Domingo Sugranyes<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.0152%; height: 523px; border-color: #ffffff; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Sugranyes\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1605 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sugranyes-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sugranyes-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sugranyes-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sugranyes-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sugranyes-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sugranyes-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sugranyes.png 1296w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Martinot\" style=\"height: 260px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 73.9849%; border-color: #ffffff; text-align: justify; height: 260px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0\u2026 work is central to our lives \u2026 \u00ab\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Strange you are asking about a change in conviction, in the middle of a deep and profound crisis. Ignatius, our Jesuit founder, reminds us of how important it is to continue our way in times of desolation<\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">. <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">If this desolation brings me back to one conviction, it is that work is central to our lives.<\/span><\/strong> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Maybe too central, yes, but this is a fact of our society. Everywhere, we hear about losses, fear of bankruptcy, economic crisis, companies on the verge of collapses, financial market speculation and solvency issues. But first, we should remind ourselves that this is the first crisis which starts with a massive and unprecedented disruption in the labour market. More than 3 billions people workers are experiencing a major shift in their work experience.\u00a0For us and our societies, this is an important existential experience. The response we shall engage to this crisis will need also to be existential.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Pierre Martinot-Lagarde<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.0152%; border-color: #ffffff; vertical-align: middle; height: 260px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Chesney\" style=\"height: 260px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 73.9849%; border-color: #ffffff; text-align: justify; height: 260px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0\u2026 cette crise est un signal que la nature \u00e9met\u2026\u00a0\u00bb<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">La crise du coronavirus confirme ma conviction selon laquelle la globalisation de l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie doit \u00eatre analys\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re critique. La mondialisation de l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie est le vecteur de la diffusion acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e des pand\u00e9mies. Par ailleurs, <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">cette crise est un signal que la nature \u00e9met.<\/span><\/strong> La chute de la biodiversit\u00e9 et la d\u00e9forestation acc\u00e9l\u00e8re l&rsquo;apparition des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Marc Chesney<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.0152%; border-color: #ffffff; vertical-align: middle; height: 260px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Dowbor\" style=\"height: 26px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 73.9849%; height: 26px; border-color: #ffffff;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0&#8230; an opportunity to generate a systemic change &#8230;\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The virus crisis has confirmed my views. My convictions are based on research concerning the convergence of three systemic challenges: the environmental catastrophe, the deepening inequality, the financial chaos. The world was already going in the wrong direction. Financial resources must serve our needs, namely sustainable development and economic inclusion. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>The present virus crisis interrupted the business as usual approach to the slow-motion catastrophe we are building<\/strong>.<\/span> It not only confirmed my views, but in my opinion can be an opportunity to generate a systemic change in how we manage our countries and the planet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Ladislau Dowbor<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.0152%; height: 26px; border-color: #ffffff; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#Dowbor\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1631 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dowbor-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dowbor-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dowbor-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dowbor-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dowbor-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dowbor-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Dowbor.png 1406w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"St\u00fcckelberger\" style=\"height: 345px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 73.9849%; height: 345px; border-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0\u2026 the crisis itself is not enough to push us in the right direction \u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lies and fake news in politics are not just a little trivial offense, but can kill thousands of lives as we now see as result of irresponsible behavior of leading politicians.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">When the own skin and country is in danger, trillions of USD can be mobilized within a few days. When the neighbors skin and country is affected by millions of children dying every year, the same politicians do not find a few billions needed to same them.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The crisis itself is not enough to push us in the right direction. <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Only the values we internalized and the visions we developed before the crisis, will lead us now in and later after the crisis.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong> Christoph St\u00fcckelberger<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.0152%; height: 345px; border-color: #ffffff; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/from-virus-to-vitamin\/contributors\/#St\u00fcckelberger\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1621 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Stuckelberger-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Stuckelberger-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Stuckelberger-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Stuckelberger-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Stuckelberger-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Stuckelberger-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Stuckelberger-1x1.png 1w, https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Stuckelberger.png 1947w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"Sabelli\" style=\"height: 345px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 73.9849%; height: 345px; border-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0\u2026 l\u2019absurdit\u00e9 aide les humains \u00e0 penser le bon moyen de penser \u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mes absurdes pens\u00e9s de la nuit. Pourquoi absurdes, diriez vous\u00a0? <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Parce qu\u2019il arrive que dans certains moments de l\u2019Histoire, l\u2019absurdit\u00e9 aide les humains \u00e0 penser le bon moyen de penser.<\/strong> <\/span>Et non seulement. Aussi, parce que tout les malheurs que\u00a0<em>l\u2019ange exterminateur<\/em>\u00a0est en train de causer dans le monde entier apparait comme s\u2019il s\u2019agissait d\u2019une calamit\u00e9 absurde. C\u2019est faux\u00a0! Il ne s\u2019agit, en effet,\u00a0\u00a0comme l\u2019Histoire nous l\u2019apprends, que d\u2019une p\u00e9riodique punition r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice tout \u00e0 fait normale.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mon nom est Tir\u00e9sias: je suis un aveugle qui est capable de voir et cette \u00e9trange condition me donne le privil\u00e8ge de voir tout ce qu\u2019on ne voit pas. &#8230; L\u2019ange, en effet, d\u00e9teste l\u2019imb\u00e9cillit\u00e9 humaine et les punitions qu\u2019il s\u2019invente jour apr\u00e8s jour sont parfois excessives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Fabrizio Sabelli<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.0152%; height: 345px; border-color: #ffffff; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OF Discussion Board n\u00b01 &#8211; 22 April 2020 Question asked : \u00ab\u00a0How has the virus crisis affected your basic convictions [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":601,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width.php","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2042","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2042","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2042"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2042\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2986,"href":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2042\/revisions\/2986"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obsfin.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}